Pakistan - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 3. 0. It is the sixth- most populous country with a population exceeding 2.

Pakistan has a 1,0. Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast, respectively.

It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north- west, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. The territory that constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially), and most recently, the British Empire. Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1. Islamic republic.

An ethnic civil war in 1. East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. In 1. 97. 3 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing, alongside its pre- existing parliamentary republic status, a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories.

Oxfam is an international confederation of 20 ngos working with partners in over 90 countries to end the injustices that cause poverty. Tabtight professional, free when you need it, VPN service. Each year in the United States, approximately 8.2 million persons are dependent on alcohol and 3.5 million are dependent on illicit drugs, including stimulants (1.

The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah. Pakistan has a semi- industrialised economy with a well- integrated agriculture sector, and a growing services sector. It is ranked among the emerging and growth- leading economies of the world. The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy, healthcare, and corruption, but has substantially reduced poverty.

The concept is similar to the Buddhist and Hindu belief that consciousness is an integral part of the universe - and indeed that it is really all there may be, a. Fair Use Notice: Note on delayed publication of full reports as soon as they come out; Watch out for disinformation! Responsibilities of a reporter.

It is also an associate member of CERN. Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Etymology. The name Pakistan literally means . It is a play on the word p.

The word also coincides with a similar sounding word of different language, the Sanskrit word sth. During this period, Sufimissionaries played a pivotal role in converting a majority of the regional Buddhist and Hindu population to Islam. The Lodi dynasty, the last of the Delhi Sultanate, was replaced by the Mughal Empire (1. AD). The Mughals introduced Persian literature and high culture, establishing the roots of Indo- Persian culture in the region. During the partition, between 2. In his presidential address of 2. December 1. 93. 0, Allama Iqbal called for .

Thus, the 1. 94. 6 election was effectively a plebiscite in which the Indian Muslims were to vote on the creation of Pakistan, a plebiscite won by the Muslim League. The Congress, which initially denied the Muslim League's claim of being the sole representative of Indian Muslims, was now forced to recognise the fact. However, the British did not want India to be partitioned, and in one last effort to prevent it they devised the Cabinet Mission plan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed – that has nothing to do with the business of the State. With dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations, independent Pakistan had two British monarchs before it became a republic. Mawdudi demanded that the Constituent Assembly make an explicit declaration affirming the .

The Objectives Resolution, which Liaquat Ali Khan called the second most important step in Pakistan's history, declared that . The Objectives Resolution has been incorporated as a preamble to the constitutions of 1.

After adopting a presidential system in 1. India in 1. 96. 5 that led to an economic downturn and wide- scale public disapproval in 1. Rose believe there was no genocide. Democratic rule resumed from 1. From 1. 97. 7 to 1. President Zia's corporatisation and economic Islamisation initiatives led to Pakistan becoming one of the fastest- growing economies in South Asia. The PPP was followed by conservative Pakistan Muslim League (N), and over the next decade the leaders of the two parties fought for power, alternating in office while the country's situation worsened; economic indicators fell sharply, in contrast to the 1.

This period is marked by prolonged stagflation, instability, corruption, nationalism, geopolitical rivalry with India, and the clash of left wing- right wing ideologies. When the National Assembly historically completed its first full five- year term on 1.

November 2. 00. 7, the new elections were called by the Election Commission. Pakistan's desire for an international organization of Muslim countries was fulfilled in the 1. Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) was formed. In the 1. 97. 1 conflict over East Pakistan the Jamaat- e- Islami fought the Bengali nationalists on the Pakistan Army's side. It also stated that all laws would have to be brought into accordance with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah and that no law repugnant to such injunctions could be enacted. Bhutto agreed to some Islamist demands before being overthrown in a coup.

It is the 3. 3rd- largest nation by total area, although this ranking varies depending on how the disputed territory of Kashmir is counted. Pakistan has a 1,0. Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south. Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir lie along the edge of the Indian plate and hence are prone to violent earthquakes. This region has the highest rates of seismicity and largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region.

The 1,6. 09 km (1,0. Indus River and its tributaries flow through the country from the Kashmir region to the Arabian Sea. There is an expanse of alluvial plains along it in the Punjab and Sindh. There is a monsoon season with frequent flooding due to heavy rainfall, and a dry season with significantly less rainfall or none at all. There are four distinct seasons: a cool, dry winter from December through February; a hot, dry spring from March through May; the summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon period, from June through September; and the retreating monsoon period of October and November.

The forests range from coniferous alpine and subalpine trees such as spruce, pine, and deodar cedar in the extreme northern mountains to deciduous trees in most of the country (for example, the mulberry- like shisham found in the Sulaiman Mountains), to palms such as coconut and date in the southern Punjab, southern Balochistan, and all of Sindh. The western hills are home to juniper, tamarisk, coarse grasses, and scrub plants.

Mangrove forests form much of the coastal wetlands along the coast in the south. In the xeric regions of Balochistan, date palm and Ephedra are common. In most of the Punjab and Sindh, the Indus plains support tropical and subtropical dry and moist broadleaf forest as well as tropical and xeric shrublands.

These forests are mostly of mulberry, acacia, and eucalyptus. Around 6. 68 bird species are found there. Palas, Kohistan, has a significant population of western tragopan. There are mugger crocodiles in the Indus, and wild boar, deer, porcupines, and small rodents in the surrounding areas.

The sandy scrublands of central Pakistan are home to Asiatic jackals, striped hyenas, wildcats, and leopards. The chinkara is the only animal that can still be found in significant numbers in Cholistan. A small number of nilgai are found along the Pakistan–India border and in some parts of Cholistan.

Pakistan has the second- highest rate of deforestation in the world, which, along with hunting and pollution, has had adverse effects on the ecosystem. The government has established a large number of protected areas, wildlife sanctuaries, and game reserves to address these issues. The first successful democratic transition occurred in May 2.

Politics in Pakistan is centred on, and dominated by, a homegrown social philosophy comprising a blend of ideas from socialism, conservatism, and the third way. As of the general elections held in 2.

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