Refer to the Safety section of this book for details concerning Ford safety belt systems. Safety Cell Construction. Integrated body structure designed to work as a system to provide protection for occupants. Its major design features include: Front- end structure with a reinforced sub frame to provide energy absorption. Cross cowl beam that helps provide an additional mounting point for the steering column and airbag mountings, reducing their movement in the event of a frontal impact. High- strength side door intrusion beams.

Sheet metal at the front and rear corners that collapses progressively and predictably to dissipate some of the energy of an impact. Seats, Hi- back. Back of this individual seat is about as high as the top of the occupant’s head.

It tapers in from shoulder height to form an integral head restraint. Section Modulus. Measure of the strength of frame side rails determined by the cross- section area and shape of the side rails. When comparing frames of the same material, the one with the largest section modulus will be the strongest. When comparing frames of different materials, the frame with the highest Resisting Bending Moment (RBM) has the greater strength. Self- adjusting Clutch. Optional self- adjusting clutch, once installed, does not have to be adjusted again. When the release bearing travel exceeds 1/2- inch, the self- adjusting mechanism returns the clutch and pedal free play to normal operating conditions as the clutch pedal is actuated.

When you’re away from home all day, whether working or exploring, you need to be prepared for every possible contingency. Perhaps you pack an extra battery pack, or.

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A self- adjusting clutch eliminates eight to ten clutch adjustments over the life of a clutch. Sequential Multi- port Electronic Fuel Injection (SEFI). Does Sony Vaio Come With Microsoft Office more. Specific type of multi- port injection that delivers fuel in more precisely timed pulses corresponding to the opening of each intake valve. SEFI takes advantage of the atomized fuel spray from the injectors to achieve a more precise combustion for better performance, often with improved fuel economy.

Shock Absorber. Provides mechanical or hydraulic friction to control deflection of automobile springs. Oil in the shocks is forced through small passages to absorb the force of a road shock.

Pressurized gas is used in many shock absorbers to prevent aeration of the oil. This reduces the tendency of the shock to overheat on rough road surfaces. Short- and Long- Arm (SLA) Suspension. Independent design that allows either wheel to react to road imperfections with minimal effect on the opposite wheel. Several distinct advantages over Mac. Pherson struts include camber control, turning geometry and lower component package height.

These advantages permit a lower hood line. Major design features include: Gas- pressurized shock absorbers to maintain optimum ride control over a variety of road surfaces. Control arms to help absorb braking and acceleration forces. Coil springs or torsion bars (on select vehicles)Single Overhead Camshaft (SOHC) Design. Engine design with the camshaft located atop the cylinder head, operating both the intake and exhaust valves.

SOHC V6 and V8 engines, which are designed with cylinders in two banks, have a total of two cams, one for each cylinder head. The one cam in each head operates the intake and exhaust valves, resulting in improved performance and fuel efficiency.

All engines using the overhead cam design offer the potential for greater power output and higher engine speeds (rpm) when compared with overhead valve designs. SIRIUS. Generally, road holding is measured as the highest speed a vehicle can maintain without losing adhesion while maintaining the given diameter of a large circle (e. Skid plate. Deflector plate under a vehicle that helps provide protection from off- road debris. Transfer case and fuel tank skid plates are common on Ford 4x. Slack Adjusters (automatic/manual).

All Ford air brake trucks come equipped with automatic slack adjusters. When properly maintained, slack adjusters retain accurate shoe- to- drum clearances (slack)This promotes even brake wear, reducing brake downtime and expense. Properly adjusted brakes are a plus factor for vehicle safety. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). The organization that sets American automotive standards for automotive measurements, including horsepower, torque and lubricants.

Split- port Induction (SPI). Most split- port induction systems have a dual- runner engine intake design promoting high- volume/high- velocity airflow to increase engine performance.

Dual- runner design features long, small- diameter runners tuned for low engine rpm torque and short, large- diameter runners tuned for high rpm horsepower. Runner usage is controlled by the electronic engine controls and integral throttle- body valves. SPI engines use a cylinder head with two runners per cylinder. These runners carry the air charge to the intake side of the combustion chamber. At lower engine speeds, the air charge is directed through a narrow pathway that results in a higher air velocity, quickening engine response.

As engine speed increases above 3. Spring Rating. Any one of several methods of describing spring ratings currently used in the light truck industry, including: Rating at Pad — The amount of weight above the pad that can actually be supported by the springs, including the chassis, body and payload weights. Rating at Ground — Includes the Rating at Pad plus the weight of components between the spring and ground (axle, brakes, tires and wheels)Sprung Weight — The weight of those components supported by the spring, such as the frame, engine, body, payload, etc. Unsprung Weight — The portion of the weight of the chassis (i. Stabilizer Bar. Bar or tube that provides added support for suspension members to minimize body lean or roll. The stabilizer is transversely mounted and used at the front and/or rear suspension to resist unequal vertical motion across the width of the vehicle.

Steering Systems. Rack- and- pinion. Essentially, a rack- and- pinion system as described previously with a power- assist feature reducing steering effort.

Major design features include: – Rack- and- pinion gears that are engineered for low turning effort, good return ability and handling– Lightweight power steering pump– Power assist. Speed- sensitive, Variable- assist Steering. Major design features include: – A microprocessor- controlled system that electronically varies the assist based on signals received from vehicle speed sensors. This sophisticated system provides improved maneuverability with maximum assist at low speeds, such as when parking– Decreases assist at highway speeds to provide improved road feel. Manual Recirculating Ball- and- nut. Uses a worm gear surrounded by ball bearings that travel in a recirculating track. Performs well in isolating the driver from the feedback of uneven road surfaces.

Power Recirculating Ball- and- nut. Major design features include: – Linkage steering gear forward of the front wheel axis that combines with a lightweight steering pump for maximum assist when turning the wheel– Power assist for low- speed turning and parking. Stroke. Maximum distance traveled by a piston between bottom- dead- center (BDC) and top- dead- center (TDC).

If the stroke is increased, the displacement increases and vice versa. Strut. Suspension element that uses a reinforced shock absorber as one of the wheel’s locating members, typically by solidly connecting the wheel hub to the bottom of the strut. Sub frame. Partial frame that connects the vehicle’s power train and front suspension or rear components to its underbody. Sub frame, Isolated. Attaches to the front or rear structure of some Ford vehicles.

Provides support for the engine, transmission and often the suspension. Provides added strength and rigidity to the vehicle’s construction. Uses rubber mounts to reduce levels of noise, vibration and harshness. Supercharger. Supercharger is a large air pump that is normally mounted on the engine intake manifold and belt- driven by the crankshaft. Most superchargers contain two impellers that compress the incoming air charge.