Command- line interface - Wikipedia. A command- line user interface (CLI), also known as a console user interface. A program which handles the interface is called a command language interpreter or shell. The CLI was the primary means of interaction with most computer systems until the introduction of the video display terminal in the mid- 1. Open. VMS, Unix systems and personal computer systems including MS- DOS, CP/M and Apple DOS.

The interface is usually implemented with a command line shell, which is a program that accepts commands as text input and converts commands into appropriate operating system functions. Command- line interfaces to computer operating systems are less widely used by casual computer users, who favor graphical user interfaces or menu- driven interaction. Alternatives to the command line include, but are not limited to text user interfacemenus (see IBM AIX SMIT for example), keyboard shortcuts, and various other desktop metaphors centered on the pointer (usually controlled with a mouse).

Examples of this include the Windows versions 1, 2, 3, 3. OS shell that runs in DOS), Dos. Shell, and Mouse Systems Power. Panel. Command- line interfaces are often preferred by more advanced computer users, as they often provide a more concise and powerful means to control a program or operating system. Programs with command- line interfaces are generally easier to automate via scripting. Command line interfaces for software other than operating systems include a number of programming languages such as Tcl/Tk, PHP and others, as well as utilities such as the compression utilities Win. Zip and Ultimate.

Zip, and some FTP and ssh/telnet clients. Advantages. Under most operating systems, it is possible to replace the default shell program with alternatives; examples include 4. DOS for DOS, 4. OS2 for OS/2, and 4. NT or Take Command for Windows. Although the term 'shell' is often used to describe a command- line interpreter, strictly speaking a 'shell' can be any program that constitutes the user- interface, including fully graphically oriented ones.

For example, the default Windows GUI is a shell program named EXPLORER. EXE, as defined in the SHELL=EXPLORER. EXE line in the WIN. INI configuration file. These programs are shells, but not CLIs. Application command- line interfaces. When a program is launched from an OS command line shell, additional text provided along with the program name is passed to the launched program.

Interactive command line sessions: After launch, a program may provide an operator with an independent means to enter commands in the form of text. OS inter- process communication: Most operating systems support means of inter- process communication (for example; standard streams or named pipes). Command lines from client processes may be redirected to a CLI program by one of these methods. CLI software. Some examples of CLI- only applications are: Hybrid software. In some cases, a GUI is simply a wrapper around a separate CLI executable file. In other cases, a program may provide a CLI as an optional alternative to its GUI.

CLIs and GUIs often support different functionality. For example, all features of MATLAB, a numerical analysis computer program, are available via the CLI, whereas the MATLAB GUI exposes only a subset of features. The early Sierra games, like the first three King's Quest games (1. History. Early computer systems often used teleprinter machines as the means of interaction with a human operator. The computer became one end of the human- to- human teleprinter model. So instead of a human communicating with another human over a teleprinter, a human communicated with a computer. In time, the actual mechanical teleprinter was replaced by a .

These were typically used to interface an organization's new PC's with their existing mini- or mainframe computers, or to connect PC to PC. Some of these PCs were running Bulletin Board System software. Early operating system CLIs were implemented as part of resident monitor programs, and could not easily be replaced. The first implementation of the shell as a replaceable component was part of the Multicstime- sharingoperating system. Although it is used as an interactive command interpreter, it was also intended as a scripting language and contains most of the features that are commonly considered to produce structured programs.

The Bourne shell led to the development of the Korn shell (ksh), Almquist shell (ash), and the popular Bourne- again shell (or Bash). Throughout the 1. Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows—command line interfaces were replaced in popular usage by the Graphical User Interface. The command line remains in use, however, by system administrators and other advanced users for system administration, computer programming, and batch processing. In November 2. 00. Microsoft released version 1. Windows Power. Shell (formerly codenamed Monad), which combined features of traditional Unix shells with their proprietary object- oriented .

A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V W X. To find information about a command, on the A-Z button menu at the top of this page, click the letter that the command.

NET Framework. Min. GW and Cygwin are open- source packages for Windows that offer a Unix- like CLI. Microsoft provides MKS Inc.'s ksh implementation MKS Korn shell for Windows through their Services for UNIX add- on.

Since 2. 00. 1, the Macintosh operating system is based on a variation of Unix called Darwin. On these computers, users can access a Unix- like command- line interface called Terminal found in the Applications Utilities folder.

A CLI (command line interface) is a user interface to a computer's operating system or an application in which the user responds to a visual prompt by t. Microsoft DOS, MS-DOS, and Windows command line help and information with all available commands since the first release of MS-DOS, examples, and syntax.

This terminal uses bash by default. This is typically the case with operating system command shells. CLIs are also used by systems with insufficient resources to support a graphical user interface. Hugo Swedish In 3 Months Pdf To Jpg. Some computer language systems (such as Python, Forth, LISP, Rexx, and many dialects of BASIC) provide an interactive command- line mode to allow for rapid evaluation of code. CLIs are often used by programmers and system administrators, in engineering and scientific environments, and by technically advanced personal computer users.

CLIs are also popular among people with visual disability, since the commands and responses can be displayed using Refreshable Braille displays. Anatomy of a shell CLI. Commands are usually one of three classes. Internal — recognized and processed by the command line interpreter itself and not dependent upon any external executable file. Included — A separate executable file generally considered part of the operating environment and always included with the OS.

External — External executable files not part of the basic OS, but added by other parties for specific purposes and applications. N — Optional parameters provided by the client. The format and meaning of the parameters depends upon the command issued. In the case of Included or External commands, the values of the parameters are delivered to the program (specified by the Command) as it is launched by the OS. Parameters may be either Arguments or Options. In this example, the delimiters between command line elements are whitespace characters and the end- of- line delimiter is the newline delimiter. This is a widely used (but not universal) convention for command- line interfaces.

A CLI can generally be considered as consisting of syntax and semantics. The syntax is the grammar that all commands must follow. In the case of operating systems (OS), MS- DOS and Unix each define their own set of rules that all commands must follow.

In the case of embedded systems, each vendor, such as Nortel, Juniper Networks or Cisco Systems, defines their own proprietary set of rules that all commands within their CLI conform to. These rules also dictate how a user navigates through the system of commands. The semantics define what sort of operations are possible, on what sort of data these operations can be performed, and how the grammar represents these operations and data—the symbolic meaning in the syntax.

Command- line reference A- ZABCDEFGHILMNOPQRSTUVWXTo find information about a command, on the A- Z button menu at the top of this page, click the letter that the command starts with, and then click the command name. In addition to the tools installed with Windows XP, there are over 4. Windows XP CD. You can use these tools to diagnose and resolve computer problems. For more information about these support tools, see Windows Support Tools For information about installing support tools, see Install Windows Support Tools For more information about changes to the functionality of MS- DOS commands, new command- line tools, command shell functionality, configuring the command prompt, and automating commmand- line tasks, see Command- line reference Some command- line tools require the user to have administrator- level privileges on source and/or target computers. Command- line tools must be run at the prompt of the Cmd. To open Command Prompt, click Start, click Run, type cmd, and then click OK.

To view help at the command- line, at the command prompt, type the following: Command. Name /? AArp Assoc At Atmadm Attrib BBatch files Bootcfg Break CCacls Call Change Chcp Chdir Chkdsk Chkntfs Cipher Cls Cmd Cmstp Color Command shell overview Comp Compact Convert Copy Cprofile CScript overview DDate Defrag Del. Dir Diskcomp Diskcopy Disk. Part Doskey Driverquery EEcho Endlocal Eventcreate Eventquery Eventtriggers Evntcmd Exit Expand. FFc Filter commands Find Findstr Finger Flattemp For Format Fsutil Ftp Ftp subcommands Ftype GGetmac Goto Gpresult. Gpupdate Graftabl HHelp Helpctr Hostname IIf Ipconfig Ipseccmd Ipxroute Irftp LLabel Lodctr Logman Lpq Lpr MMacfile Mkdir (md) Mmc Mode More Mountvol Move MS- DOS subsystem configuration commands Msiexec Msinfo.

NNbtstat Net services overview. Net services commands Netsh command overview Netsh commands for AAAA Netsh commands for DHCP Netsh diagnostic (diag) commands Netsh commands for Interface IP Netsh commands for RAS Netsh commands for Routing Netsh commands for WINS Netstat Nslookup Nslookup subcommands Ntbackup Ntcmdprompt Ntsd OOpenfiles PPagefileconfig Path Pathping Pause Pbadmin Pentnt Perfmon Ping.

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